跳至内容
非遗级别：国家级
Intangible cultural heritage level: National
批准时间：2008年6月7日 Approval date: June 7th, 2008类别：传统戏剧 Category: Traditional Play申报地区：黑龙江省望奎县 Declaration area: Wangkui County, Heilongjiang Province
望奎县位于黑龙江省中部，松嫩平原腹地，隶属于绥化市。该县历史悠久，原名“双龙城”，后改名为望奎镇。望奎县的自然资源丰富，农业生产以盛产玉米、大豆、水稻等为主，同时也是一个重要的畜牧业基地，尤其是生猪生产在全国享有盛名。此外，望奎县还拥有丰富的林业资源，是国家生态农业建设先进县和国家三北防护林建设先进县。Wangkui County is under the jurisdiction of Suihua City, which is located in the hinterland of Songnen Plain in the central part of Heilongjiang Province. The county has a long history, formerly known as “Shuanglong City”, and later renamed Wangkui County. The natural resources in Wangkui County is abundant. In agriculture, it mainly produces corn, soybeans, rice, etc. At the same time, it is also an important animal husbandry base with its pork production enjoying a national reputation. Besides, Wangkui County has rich forest resources as well. It is a advanced county in the construction of national eco-agriculture and Three-North¹ Shelterbelt Project.
01 历史渊源 Historical Origin
望奎从清代起成为海伦府辖地，这里集聚了大量的中原移民，其中尤以河北移民为多，因而使用冀东口语在当地极为广泛。18世纪末，河北乐亭皮影艺人到望奎落脚演唱，由此开始，皮影戏一直在当地延续发展。20世纪50年代，望奎皮影戏一度走红，打出了黑龙江皮影戏“江北派”的大旗。至70年代，它已经成为望奎主要的艺术演出样式。Since the Qing Dynasty, Wangkui County has been under the jurisdiction of Hailun Prefecture. Here gathered a large number of immigrants from the Central Plains, especially from Hebei. Therefore, the use of eastern Hebei dialect in Wangkui County is extremely common. At the end of the 18th century, the shadow play artists from Leting, Hebei settled down at Wangkui to perform shadow plays. Since then, Wangkui shadow play has continued to develop in local area. In the 1950s, Wangkui Shadow Play went viral and became the representative of the “Jiangbei School” of Heilongjiang shadow plays. By the 1970s, it had become the main style of artistic performance in Wangkui County.
望奎皮影戏保留了冀东民间小调的特点，在此基础上大量吸收双城皮影戏的外调及杂牌子曲牌，两相融合，形成自己的风格，因此有“两合水”影腔之称。望奎皮影戏传统影卷多以公案、剑侠、征战、宫廷、市井民俗及传奇故事为题材，经常演出的剧目有《五峰会》、《岳飞传》、《包公案》等。Wangkui Shadow Play retains the characteristics of folk tunes in eastern Hebei, and extensively absorbs the external tunes and various other Qupai² of Shuangcheng shadow plays. Through the way of blending, Wangkui Shadow Play forms its own style, so it has the name of “Two Blended Water”. The traditional literary script of it mainly focuses on themes like complicated legal cases, swordsman, warfare, royal court, folk customs, and legendary stories. Additionally, the frequently performed plays include “The Story at Mount Wufeng”, “The Legend of Yue Fei”, “Judge Bao’s Mysterious Case” and so on.
03 传承价值 Inheritance Value
望奎县皮影戏具有独特的艺术价值，它在自身发展的同时，还对其他姊妹艺术产生了一定的影响，黑龙江的民间剪纸、石木雕刻、京剧、评剧、龙江剧、民间舞蹈、二人转等舞台艺术大量借鉴了望奎县皮影戏的制作工艺、音乐、唱腔以及表演。Wangkui Shadow Play has a unique artistic value. While developing itself, it also has a certain impact on other related arts. For instance, stage arts like the folk paper cuttings, stone and wood carvings, Beijing Opera, Ping Opera, Longjiang Opera, folk dance, Song-and-dance Duet draw heavily on the production process, music, singing style and performance of Wangkui SHadow Play.
04 传承现状 Inheritance Status
随着社会的进步，人们的物质生活水平不断提高，人们的审美水平也在逐步提高，娱乐的形式和方式也越来越多样化，在现代高科技影视技术的冲击下，望奎县皮影戏的观众和演出市场逐步减少，与此同时，望奎县皮影戏的艺人多年事已高，表演队伍不断老化，其传承后继无人，面临消亡的危险。With the development of society, both the material living standards and aesthetic level of people are constantly improving. Accordingly, their forms and methods of entertainment are also becoming more diverse. Under the impact of modern high-tech film and television technology, the audience and performing market of Wangkui Shadow Play are gradually decreasing. At the same time, its performance team is aging, which results in the danger of extinction.
Note:1. The three Norths: refers to northwest China, north China, and northeast China.2. Qupai is a specific structure of melody and rhythm in ancient Chinese music.
